Existentialists , Idealists , why did we became Fascists ?

Existentialists , Idealists , why did we became Fascists ?

                                                                  

Before  talking  about the intellectual causes which made us Fascist , it`s must to determine what does Fascism mean philosophically ?

The philosopher of Fascism and the minister of Italian Fascist regime Sir Giovanni Gentile saw the state as a supreme representation of Spirit , while Mussolini himself said `` for us the nation is not just territory but something spiritual .. A nation is great when it translates into reality the force of its Spirit`` , so it`s obvious that Fascism is too Idealist as a political Ideology , but did I support Fascism only for its Idealism ? is there any other philosophical doctrine which made me support  it ? why should state face to Idealism as its purpose and cause ?   why Idealism at all ? 

Existentialism as a Background Of  Idealism  , then Fascism :

To ask about the background of Idealism is to ask about the background of mind itself as long as `` Idealism is always emphasizing  the primacy of mind than matter `` , let`s determine this background referring  to the first question of being using a proposition of Sir Martin Heidegger `` why does being at all instead of nothing ? `` for more simplifications I will change it henceforth with `` what gives our being an ultimate value ?`` , while to ask about value is to ask about will because the value is the matter of our will , as long as there is no value for something  that is absolutely unwanted , so the first question of being is a question about ``will`` that we should being always conscious about . 

The Existential Philosopher 

sir Martin Heidegger .

Mind as a faculty of the will consciousness is what we called `` Spirit`` or ``Giest`` in German language , that William James said `` Spirit is Mind and nothing more than a Mind , but a Mind seen in the scope of values `` , so Spirit is not only a psychological mind or a machine of logical processes but a supreme value of mind , the mind of mind .. which we must refer to for giving anything a value and sense, what makes it a supreme goal of humanity, let`s back to Fascism and its relations with ``Spirit``.

The state as a supreme rule should represent the supreme purpose of humanity , it should represent `` Spirit`` , while Fascism is the only political doctrine which emphasizes that , therefore the Fascist regime is the only legitimate one .

Does Modern Word lives in chaos ?

Does Modern Word lives in chaos ?

At first I thought to name this article `` the chaos of modern word `` but I remembered that the philosophical ethics which I believe in , ought me to never put any thesis before argumentation , what makes me eliminate the first title replaced with this latter , for avoiding  the claim  that modern word is a chaos before giving a proof .

We cannot make differences between a social entity lives in chaos  and an organized one without referring to an Ideology because to be organized is to have a mental rule or an Idea persists your behaviors , That the Greek word `` Logos λόγος `` means `` to collect , to gear `` as a primary sense but it`s was used to talk about ``reason and logic``, then reason is an important condition for organization , so an organized society is a society ruling by a specific Ideology , but does modern word Ideologically ruled ?

 

The most of states in word are ruled by `` the majority rule`` what means that they had no Ideology because the Ideology is a creation of mind as an abstract substance and not a creation neither of some or many individuals nor of all individuals , it`s a creation of the mind in itself or what`s called by Fascist philosophers ``Spirit`` , that Mussolini called state `` the mind of mind `` , does any modern state claims (at least a claim) any intellectual legitimacy , looking for example to the United States as a great icon of modern democracy it`s clearly seemed at the last presidential election as a State of chaos due to the immoral accusation of the two candidates ( Trump and Clinton ) toward each other instead of having an intellectual controversy such any civilized candidates , what emphasizes Dr.Goebbels`s sentence `` Humanity would sink into an eternal darkness if the Jew win this war `` .  

 

Trump and Clinton , two faces of chaos .

 

Why should modern men follow a policy belongs to the French Revolution in the 18^th century ? with its romanticist tendency ( to live only with your instinct without abiding any rational or moral law ) , it`s true that their intellectuals emphasized the role of mind but not the mind of mind or what we called ``Spirit`` because Jacobins looked to the psychological mind as a ``God`` without looking to the mind in itself , for that the most of great German philosophers like Goethe , Hegel , Fichte ( later).. were against the political views of French revolutionists . 

 

Why should modern men follow a policy belongs to the French Revolution !

 

 

The French Revolution is based on Deism and the Romanticism of (Rousseau , Diderot..)  against religious and priest rule with Cartesian and traditional rational roots of the early modern period , then German Idealism represents really its own era and  the highest step of the intellectual and spiritual Evolution where traditional rationality is sublated with Spirituality changing the pure mind of Descart with the mind as Such or Spirit (Giest) of Germans who attempt to look it in everything , what makes everything beautiful , that Goethe said ``we must see beauty even if in stones at road `` , therefore we must look to everything as an incarnation of mind , but how mind could persist matter without any separation or disconnection ?  for that the philosopher of Fascism Sir Giovanni Gentile brings anew kind of Idealism called ``Actual Idealism`` which the Act of thinking is only real and not the Idea  itself i.e the Idea should be always present to us , so the politics is an act of thinking and an alive practice of our Ideology , that Plato argues that republic governor should be a philosopher , why we did not achieve this aim of our great philosophers since 2500 years ? why we had destroy the chance which Fascism give us in the last century ?  

Ideological Differences between Fascism and Nazism

       Fascism and Nazism are two Nationalist political  movements ,but a lot of people look to them as the same thing , whereas there are a lot of Ideological differences between these two doctrines , as well as many commun interests ; for an ultimate determination we will base on their fundamental backgrounds  .

The Duce and the Fuhrer

      Fascism is completely spiritualist based on Hegelian Idealists philosophical theories which  the primacy of Spirit (mind as an ultimate value or the mind as mind ) is emphasized , so they must look to politics only as an intellectual practice while the state is a ``wholly spiritual creation `` as the Philosopher Of Fascism Sir Giovanni Gentile says , thus Nationalism for Fascist is an aim or `` a final cause (by Scholastic term)`` , vice versa for Nazis who considered German Nationalism  as a first cause or an ideological background what imply Idealism as a Cultural feature of the Aryan race  , That the Fuhrer Adolf Hitler opposes in `` Mein Kampf`` the view who considers Nation as a goal , what makes differences also  in their theories of race .

Fascist and Nazist theories of race .

In ``Mein Kampf`` the Fuhrer Adolf Hitler argues that race is neither language nor culture at all but an issue of blood and genealogy , therefore Fascist who emphasized Idealism and stood against all forms of materialism couldn`t  accept a biological materialistic like of Hitler`s  , it`s right that  Nazis also  were anti-materialism but  by racial tendencies looking to materialism as a Jewish Ideology and not by an objective opinion , versus the other side which race is only cultural and not biological .

Conclusion

There is a circular relation between Fascism and Nazism which the start of one is the end of the other represents their opposite backgrounds and purposes , that Fascist starts by Idealism to Nationalism , while Nazism starts by Nationalism ending by Idealism . 

 

    The Philosopher Of Fascism Sir Giovanni Gentile 

  ``The nation itself  is a creation of mind and is not a material presupposition``

  ``The state is a wholly spiritual creation`` 

    (Sir Giovanni Gentile saying in ``The Philosophic Basis Of Fascism`` p:13) 

Il Duce Benito Mussolini was hanged with the same way which St.Petter was crucified ! what honor had Il Duce Mussolini !

Modern Democracy 

Democracy is a word belongs to the Greek word (δημοκρατία, Dēmokratía) emphasizes the right of people to govern themselves , but how could people govern themselves ? or what is the good way which people govern it ? For modern democracy (belongs to the enlightenment age especially to the French Revolution 1789 ) the best way of governing it by  the majority rule with election ? but is possible that people would choose the wrong governor or the wrong social manner of life forcing minority to live with the same way what is called ``Tyranny Of Majority`` , that Socrates was hanged by the majority rule .

Painting by Jacques-Louis David  Describes the murdering of Socrates called ( The Death Of Socrates) while we see that is a wrong title chosen by the painter who was the friend of Robespierre and member of Jacobins so it`s perhaps that this title is for hiding the ``Tyranny of majority `` .   

Democratists argued that the tyranny of majority is less dangerous than the minority`s , but that didn`t  eliminate the possibility of individual to be right while all others are wrong because all judgements are ultimately belongs to the individual mind as an only responsible about himself in his life , unless it`s were only a skepticism in a political form and there is no value for society nor for individual .

  For sublate this dialectical problematic between individualism and collectivism we must think about Spirit ( mind of mind or mind as such) as a transcendent entity and conclusion because the supreme purpose of men is to live a spiritual life using his mind  who created  men as an individual , so to live a spiritual life is to use your mind what means that the individual life is requested by Spirit itself , therefore the individual precede society  with his rationality and spiritual goal while society should also exist as an entity which Spirit is incarnated , that the philosopher of Fascism Sir Giovanni Gentile saw that  State and Individual are the same .

Conclusion :

 Enlightenment  thinkers were deists and naturalists with any vision upper the psychological mind , while  German Idealism especially the Absolute Idealism of  Hegel and ultimately Actual Idealism of Sir Giovanni Gentile looks to the psychological mind as a creation of Spirit the mind of mind , therefore the modern democracy of the enlightenment age should be sublated  for the Fascist Political theory as a pure intellectual idea and a wholly creation of the spiritual mind .